Characterisation of GNSS carrier phase data on a moving zero-baseline in urban and aerial navigation

authored by

Fabian Ruwisch, Ankit Jain, Steffen Schön

Abstract

We present analyses of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) carrier phase observations in multiple kinematic scenarios for different receiver types. Multi-GNSS observations are recorded on high sensitivity and geodetic-grade receivers operating on a moving zero-baseline by conducting terrestrial urban and aerial flight experiments. The captured data is post-processed; carrier phase residuals are computed using the double difference (DD) concept. The estimated noise levels of carrier phases are analysed with respect to different parameters. We find DD noise levels for L1 carrier phase observations in the range of 1.4–2 mm (GPS, Global Positioning System), 2.8–4.6 mm (GLONASS, Global Navigation Satellite System), and 1.5–1.7 mm (Galileo) for geodetic receiver pairs. The noise level for high sensitivity receivers is at least higher by a factor of 2. For satellites elevating above 30

^◦, the dominant noise process is white phase noise. For the flight experiment, the elevation dependency of the noise is well described by the exponential model, while for the terrestrial urban experiment, multipath and diffraction effects overlay; hence no elevation dependency is found. For both experiments, a carrier-to-noise density ratio (C/N

₀) dependency for carrier phase DDs of GPS and Galileo is clearly visible with geodetic-grade receivers. In addition, C/N

₀ dependency is also visible for carrier phase DDs of GLONASS with geodetic-grade receivers for the terrestrial urban experiment.

Organisation(s)

Institute of Geodesy

Type

Article

Journal

Sensors

Volume

No. of pages

ISSN

1424-8220

Publication date

21.07.2020

Publication status

Published

Peer reviewed

Yes

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Analytical Chemistry, Biochemistry, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Instrumentation, Electrical and Electronic Engineering

Electronic version(s)

https://doi.org/10.3390/s20144046 (Access: Open)

Details in the research portal "Research@Leibniz University"

BibTeX

@article{b533f28974c44c96af6ab8eb06482eea,
title = "Characterisation of GNSS carrier phase data on a moving zero-baseline in urban and aerial navigation",
abstract = "We present analyses of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) carrier phase observations in multiple kinematic scenarios for different receiver types. Multi-GNSS observations are recorded on high sensitivity and geodetic-grade receivers operating on a moving zero-baseline by conducting terrestrial urban and aerial flight experiments. The captured data is post-processed; carrier phase residuals are computed using the double difference (DD) concept. The estimated noise levels of carrier phases are analysed with respect to different parameters. We find DD noise levels for L1 carrier phase observations in the range of 1.4–2 mm (GPS, Global Positioning System), 2.8–4.6 mm (GLONASS, Global Navigation Satellite System), and 1.5–1.7 mm (Galileo) for geodetic receiver pairs. The noise level for high sensitivity receivers is at least higher by a factor of 2. For satellites elevating above 30 ◦, the dominant noise process is white phase noise. For the flight experiment, the elevation dependency of the noise is well described by the exponential model, while for the terrestrial urban experiment, multipath and diffraction effects overlay; hence no elevation dependency is found. For both experiments, a carrier-to-noise density ratio (C/N 0) dependency for carrier phase DDs of GPS and Galileo is clearly visible with geodetic-grade receivers. In addition, C/N 0 dependency is also visible for carrier phase DDs of GLONASS with geodetic-grade receivers for the terrestrial urban experiment. ",
keywords = "Double difference, Geodetic and high sensitivity GNSS receivers, Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), Kinematic terrestrial and flight experiment, Relative positioning, Stochastic models",
author = "Fabian Ruwisch and Ankit Jain and Steffen Sch{\"o}n",
note = "Funding information: The flight experiment has been carried out in the project VENADU II funded by the German Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy following a resolution of the German Bundestag (project number: 50NA1705). The terrestrial data was analysed in the framework of the i.c.sens research training group funded by DFG under grant GRK2159. Acknowledgments: The authors would like to thank Tobias Kersten, Thomas Krawinkel and Lucy Icking for the help in conducting the car experiment. The authors would like to thank Jens Kremer and Andreas Dach from IGI mbH for conducting the flight experiment with us and providing the reference trajectory solution.",
year = "2020",
month = jul,
day = "21",
doi = "10.3390/s20144046",
language = "English",
volume = "20",
journal = "Sensors",
issn = "1424-8220",
publisher = "Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute",
number = "14",
}